Python | Exploring the syntax and usage of issubclass() to perform class hierarchy inspection and determine if one class is a subclass of another

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issubclass()

Python is a powerful programming language that provides a wide range of built-in functions to make coding easier and more efficient. One such function is "issubclass()". This function is used to check if a given class is a subclass of another class.

Syntax: The syntax for the issubclass() function is as follows:

issubclass(class, classinfo)

where:

class: The class whose subclass is to be checked
classinfo: The class or a tuple of classes to check against.

Example 1:

class Shape:

pass

class Rectangle(Shape):

pass

print(issubclass(Rectangle, Shape))

In this example, we have created two classes "Shape" and "Rectangle". "Rectangle" is a subclass of "Shape". We then use the issubclass() function to check if "Rectangle" is a subclass of "Shape". The output of this code will be "True".

Output:

True

Example 2:

class Shape:

pass

class Rectangle(Shape):

pass

class Square(Rectangle):

pass

print(issubclass(Square, Shape))

print(issubclass(Square, Rectangle))

In this example, we have created three classes "Shape", "Rectangle", and "Square". "Rectangle" is a subclass of "Shape", and "Square" is a subclass of "Rectangle". We then use the issubclass() function to check if "Square" is a subclass of "Shape" or "Rectangle". The output of this code will be "True" for "Shape" and "True" for "Rectangle".

Output:

True

The issubclass() function can also be used to check if a class is a subclass of any class within a tuple of classes. Here is an example:

Example 3:

class Dog:

pass

class Cat:

pass

class Bird:

pass

class Parrot(Bird):

pass

print(issubclass(Parrot, (Bird, Cat)))

In this example, we have created four classes: "Dog", "Cat", "Bird", and "Parrot". "Parrot" is a subclass of "Bird". We then use the issubclass() function to check if "Parrot" is a subclass of "Bird" or "Cat". The output of this code will be "True" for "Bird" and "False" for "Cat".

Output:

True

In conclusion, the issubclass() function is a useful tool in Python that allows developers to check if a given class is a subclass of another class. This can be helpful in making sure that the program is using the correct class hierarchy and avoiding errors.